Digital Pedagogy as a Pathway to Sustainable Education: Emerging Classroom Practices in India

Abstract

This paper examines the role of digital pedagogy as a pathway to achieving Sustainable Development Goal 4 (SDG 4) in the Indian educational context. The study adopts a qualitative analytical approach based on secondary data drawn from national policy documents, including the National Education Policy (NEP) 2020, reports of the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO), and scholarly literature on digital sustainability. It analyses innovative classroom models such as blended learning, flipped classrooms, and AI-enabled tools to understand their contribution to inclusive and resource-efficient education. The findings suggest that digital pedagogy enhances accessibility, flexibility, and learner engagement; however, structural challenges such as the digital divide, infrastructure gaps, and limited teacher readiness hinder sustainable implementation. The study concludes that policy alignment, teacher capacity building, localized digital content, and ethical technology governance are essential for ensuring long-term educational sustainability in India.